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Energy Conservation: Why It's So Important
There is no way for you to have not noticed that your bills have been increasing. It has happened and is one thing that you just should consider doing. But, energy conservation is not always something that is on our minds. If you find yourself only thinking about it when the bills for the month arrive, then you may be missing the boat.
Why You Need To Know
Energy conservation is helpful in a number of ways to each of us. The most profound way that affects us directly is the cost. If you just turn off a few lights, you may not notice it. But, if you do several things to keep yourself in line with your energy goals, you may find yourself able to really save money here. Energy costs continue to rise and even if they slow down in that rise, they are not likely to come down. If you want to cut your bill down, then, you must use less energy.
Yet, there are other reasons for conserving energy as well. Consider, for example, the fact that one of the most vital fuels that we all rely on is that of oil. Some scientists believe that we will run out of oil within the next 60 years. Can you image the cost of your bills then? Still, consider the fact that many of these energy needs also produce toxins in the air. That makes them not only running out but also destroying the environment while they do it.
As you can see, there are many reasons why you, as a citizen of Earth should consider energy conservation in your daily life. Even if you just cut back slightly here and there, you will notice a difference in your bill but not necessary in your overall lifestyle. There are many benefits to taking care of the energy we use. It is a good thing for all of us to take into consideration as well. The end result is a result that satisfies everyone's needs.
Find a few ways that you too can cut down on the amount of energy that you use. Challenge yourself to a few different limits. See if you can save just $5 this month on your electric bill. See if you can conserve energy for your own and for the world's well being.
Mark Justice has developed many websites over the years in many different business areas. He has a free Blog Energy Conservation. Visit his blog at: http://04mj.blogspot.com/
Sustainable Development in the words of Brundtland report is "the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
To meet their own needs ".
In this context nuclear energy as a future energy source has occupied centre stage of
India's concern. The characteristics of nuclear energy, it's economic, environmental
and social impact and its link to sustainable development have come under the scanner of economic and political debate in the recent times.
This paper entitled "Sustainable Development and Energy Security" attempts to explore the prospects of adopting nuclear energy as a future energy source to meet the India's
growing energy needs. Nuclear energy, though requires large capital investment in form of nuclear power plants, is seen as an alternative to fossil fuels. Use of nuclear energy not only meets the growing energy demands, but also minimizes the environment and social burdens.
Nuclear energy does not have environmental effects on global warming, green house effect, climate change and pollution. Hence the central goal of sustainable development i.e.maintainence and development of natural, human and social assets will have been met by use of nuclear energy.
This paper analyses the following aspects:
Various forms and sources of energy.
The role of energy in economic development.
The problems of developing countries vis-à-vis energy security.
Nuclear power and its importance in the light of power shortage in India in the context of sustainable development.
Suggestions.
Conclusions.
. Keywords: sustainable development, energy security, nuclear energy,
1. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENERGY SECURITY
1) Introduction
India's energy resources are mostly available in convenient form. India has a
Significant reserves of coal, its electricity generation is also significant
Today more than 70% of power generation is through burning of coal.
We have 221 billion tones of coal reserves .India has a large hydro potential and only a part of this potential has been exploited .as per department of atomic energy of India ,India as also good uranium deposits supporting growth of "Nuclear Energy". India is growing giant facing the critical challenge of meeting a rapidly increasing demand for energy .
India ranks 6th in the world in terms of energy demand and our economy is projected to grow 7% to 8% in next two decades .the international energy agency projects indias dependence on oil imports will be more at 91.6% by the year 2020 and India is relatively poor in the oil and gas resources . Even though there are several problems associated with energy in India from 1951 to 2005, it has produced coal 12 times greater then what was available in 1951 crude oil production increased 110 times. And the electricity installed capacity had a growth by over 68 times.
India has to meet two big challenges for a sustainable development .firstly it should meet the increasing demand for energy resources in the country .secondly it should avoid all environmental hazards and its should ensure an energy security by conservation of energy so that the future generation can also meet their wants for energy resources with available stock .this can lead to long term economic development which indicates the "Sustainable Economic Development" on which our attention is much more needed.
2. SUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENT
The concept of sustainable development was elaborated in the late 1980.
The tern sustainable development was brought into common use by the world commission on Environment and Development in its seminar report called
"Our common Future". Brundtland Commission defines sustainable development as "Development that needs the needs of the present generation without comprising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs.
We can understand that use of the concept "Needs" in the definition is linked with the distribution of resources through three components of man made capitals, human capital and natural capital & it aims to achieve sustainable development through integration of three dimensions in a balanced way.
According to Professor Barthwal of ‘Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur' has highlighted some important indicators of sustainable development there are as follows:
1) GDP growth rate.
2) Population Stability.
3) Human Resources Development Index.
4) Clean Air index.
5) Energy intensity.
6) Renewable energy proportion.
7) Material intensity.
8) Water use.
9) Soil degradation.
10) Forest coverage.
11) Re-cycling proportions.
12) Transport intensity.
These indicators show the changing trends of an economy towards Sustainable Development. Let us discuss this concept from the point of view
Of Energy Security and adopting Nuclear Energy as a future Energy Source which is the latest Debate in our country.
2) FORMS OF ENERGY
Energy has several forms which is useful to all human beings:
Mechanical Energy: Like kinetic and potential position against resistance.
Heat Energy: Can cause gases to expand, can melt the metals and convert water into steam.
Radiant Energy: Include light, radio, X-Rays, Laser etc.
Electro-magnetic Energy: Flow of electrons producing an electric current.
Chemical Energy: Stored in molecules of Food or in fossil fuels such as coal and oil.
Nuclear Energy: The force that combines the atomic nucleus together it is obtained through Fusion and Fission.
These energy are inter-convertible but it incurs a economical expenses which may not be profitable also Ex: Electrical Energy into light or heat Energy.
3) SOURCES OF ENERGY
Energy Sources refers to the sources from which energy is obtained to provide heat, light and power.
Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy sources:
Non-Renewable Energy sources are those which are lost in one operation the called depletable or exhaustible sources of energy their availability s always fixed and they are always at a declining stage Ex: Fossil fuel.
Renewable or In exhaustible energy sources are those which are perennial in nature they are regarded as flows rather than as stocks their total supply cannot be more than the available flow and the flow is perennial.
Ex: Hydro-electricity.
Commercial and Non-Commercial Energy Sources:
Commercial Energy Sources we include all those sources which are supplied through formal and organized Industries and marketing channels.Ex: Coal, Petroleum, natural gas which do not result in production, distribution and consumption or strictly passed through exchange Ex: fire wood, agriculture straw and animal waste etc.
Conventional and Non-conventional Energy Sources:
All those sources which the mankind is used to using are called Conventional Sources which those which are in their sources which those which are in their introductory stage or which can be used in future are called additional, alternative, or Non-Conventional Energy Sources.
Commercial sources of Energy play a vital role in developing country like India for Economic Growth and later in development.
4) TRENDS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COMMERCIAL ENERGY (1950-51 TO 2004-05)
Energy is the a vital resource for the economic development the production of commercial energy has increased steadily after introduction of economic planning and energy sector reforms in
"New Economic Policy" in 19191.from 1951 and 2005 coal
Production has increased by nearly 12 times, crude oil production by
110 times and electricity [installed capacity] by over 68 times.
Growth of Commercial Energy -1951 to 2004-2005.
1950-1951
1970-71
2004-05
Coal [in tones]
33
76
413
Oil crude [m.tonnes]
0.3
7
34
Electricity installed capacity [mw]
2.3
16.3
137.5
Generation [billion kwh]
7
61
650
Source: Economic survey 2005-06 .
Now let us see the consumption trends of commercial energy:
Consumption Trends of Commercial Energy.
Sectoral Trends In Commercial Energy Consumption
1953-54
1970-71
1996-97
House hold sector
10
12
12
Agriculture
1
3
9
Industries
40
50
42
Transport
44
28
22
others
5
7
15
100
100
100
.
Percentage Share of Different Fuels in Commercial Energy Consumption.
1953-54
1970-71
1996-97
Coal
80
56
29
Oil and gas
17
35
54
Electricity
3
9
17
100
100
100
Important points:
a) The transport sector was the largest consumer of commercial energy but in later stages there is a fall in total energy consumption.
b) The industrial sector has become largest consumer of commercial energy in the country.
c) Agriculture sector has also increased the total consumption of commercial energy.
However according to Indian planners we require:
I. 412 million tonnes of oil equivalent [mtoe]in the year 2006-07
i.e. the terminal year of the Tenth five year plan.
II. 564mtoe in the year 2011-12 which is the terminal year of the Eleventh plan.
In India even though the production of commercial energy has increased but the population ,industrialization, urbanization has increased much more at a greater rate and its total consumption is more so India is facing energy crisis.
6) Energy Crisis in India.
In Indias economic development energy crisis are in the form of oil
Shortage, coal shortage and power shortage.
a) Indias energy problem arises due to imbalance in demand –supply of all commercial fuels with increase economic growth the consumption of energy is also increased at a rapid rate though ONGC [oil and natural gas commission] have implemented several policies of exploration and increase of indigenous crude the consumption petroleum and oil products has far exceeding the indigenous production and refining capacity therefore is energy crisis.
b) The coal industry performance has been failing badly in recent years the coals reserves are poor , both in quality and in quantity
c) The creation and distribution of electricity generation in India has a poor performance where it is not able to meet the growing demands of both industrial and agriculture sectors.
d) The performance of government local boards in distribution of electricity is also very poor; there is theft, pilferage and wastage of use of electricity both in urban and rural areas.
e) The production of energy through different technology is not perfect; much of the energy is lost during transferring those4 energy sources to ultimate use.
These features for energy crisis in India and slow economic development.
7) Basic problem of Indian economy associated with energy:
a) Increasing consumption of commercial energy.
b) Domination of using non-commercial sources of energy [I.e. in the rural areas ]
c) Unequal distribution of energy.
d) Inefficient use and under utilization of energy.
e) High dependence on foreign countries especially on Arabian countries.
8) Energy Security.
Indias long term aim of energy security will be primarily about ensuring
the continuous availabity of commercial energy at competitive prices to
support its economic growth and meet life line energy needs of its house
holds with safe, clean and convenient forms of energy even if it entails
directed subsidies.secodly reducing energy requirement and increasing
efficiency are two very important measure to increase energy security.
Energy security is concerned dealing with various risks I.e. supply
Risk, market risk, technical risk, etc
a) Supply risk are those risks originated with the uncertainty of imported energy where India is mostly depended on foreign countries for oil imports
b) Market risks those risks arising through fluctuations in price of energy even though the country has adequate energy resource.
c) Technical risks can be the technical failures which may disrupt the supply of energy generations could fail, transmission lined may trip or oil pipelines may spring a leak.
Therefore Indian needs much attention and security towards these types of risks and ensures that wastages of energy through these risks does not hamper the growth of the economy and cause hazards to environment.
In India energy security is much needed from the house hold level.
House hold energy security : clean fuel for all ;we may set up goal to provide clean cooking energy such as LPG,NG,Bio gas or kerosene to all within 20 years and ensure they use these energy for right domestic use which gives a energy security .
Currently India consumes 0-16kg of oil equivalent [kgoe] per dollar of GDP expressed in terms of purchasing power parity.
India s energy intensity is lower than the 0.23 kgoe of china,0.22 kgoe of U.S and a world average of 0.21 kgoe .this comparison conforms that there is a room to improve and energy intensity can be brought down significantly in India we can fallow these aspects like ,
a) Lowering energy intensity through higher efficiency is equivalent to creating a virtual source of untapped domestic energy and aggressive pursuit of energy efficiency and conversion ,it is possible to reduce indias energy intensity by up to 25% from current levels
b) Efficiency should be increase in energy extraction, conversion, transportation, as well as in consumption.
c) Ensuring proper labeling on the equipments if the equipment fails to deliver the stated efficiency proper financial penalties should be imposed.
d) Established benchmarks of energy consumption for all energy intensive sectors.
e) Promote minimum life cycle cost purchase instead of minimum initial cost procurement by the government and the public sector.
The failure of energy sector to meet the increasing intensity of demand is considerable falling to extent. this was due to the lack of importance given by our 5year plan because they did not give long term policy imperatives in energy planning .our 8th plan gave importance to long term integrated planning here the emphasis was laid both on efficiency strategy of long run energy supply and energy end use .
Our planning commission realized the following drawbacks of unplanned measures about energy security it mainly turned its attention towards; 1) gradual shift from non renewable energy sources to renewable one.2) the emphasis was laid on energy conservation and management of demand and efficient utilization of energy resources .3) distribution of energy needs high priority in meeting the basic energy needs of the rural and the urban poor in the immediate future.
According to Jyoti Parikh and Kirit Parikh," the critical problem today lies in increasing the efficiency of use of resources the inefficiency in the use of created capacities have undermined the financial viabilities of energy sector units public sector units seem to be unable to deal in a commercial manner with users with political clout reforms, therefore have to involve in situational arrangements."
9) Strategies for Energy Security in Future:
The main problem of India is that we are much dependent on crude oil on foreign countries we should organize more research and development programmers so that we can explore our potential to meet our domestic energy demand
The government of India has come up with some strategies like:
Exploration in new areas like exploring in the deeper layers of the producing fields exploring in new areas of deep water and difficult frontier areas.
The newly discovered fields has to be properly developed by using modern new technology in producing areas
The methods and technologies must be upgraded for improving existing major fields.
Using alternatives sources of energy such as :
Coal bed methane.
Gas hydrates.
Underground coal gasification.
Shift to natural gas and NG.
Ethanol made from sugar.
Bio- diesel extracted from jetropha, karanja tree etc.
Even though policies are made and government has taken initiatives in strict
areas of energy conservation and management of oil demand and ensuring
proper measures to have energy security Indias demand from energy sector is
increasing at a rapid rate therefore the best choice adopted by all our Indian
Planners and government is to select an another energy sources which is clean
energy and operating cost should be moderate and Indian environmental hazards
such as ozone depletion, and green house effect, and acid rain faced by use of
fossil fuel are minimized the best outcome of this decision is the "Use of
Nuclear Energy" which can lead to long term economic development
This can contribute to sustainable economic development.
10) Nuclear Power For India.
India progress in recent years after the introduction of new economic policy is no doubt a progressive development for maintaining our current economic growth rate of 8% to10%per annum we should solve the problem of inadequacy of energy supply which is a major constraint on accelerating indias growth rate .
The 123rd agreement between India and united states of America had contributed some valuable hopes towards achieving the dual objectives of our nation .firstly to ensure the challenges of energy security .secondly to achieve the objectives of environmental sustainability. there fore India's nuclear programme was founded to address the challenge of energy security and attain self reliance and technological independence.
11) Nuclear Energy is also Clean Energy.
In India there is high dependence on use of fossil fuel and the rich use of
Fossil fuel have definitely contributed to environmental hazards .most of the
scientists agree that pollution is contributing to global warming and to
climatic change to minimize these burdens our environment requires a
clean and green energy like "Nuclear Energy".
In India even producing electricity involves huge wastages and
Environmental hazards .Nuclear energy is best energy that has taken the full
Responsibility of disposal of all its wastages and meeting its full cost of
Doing so .Nuclear energy does not contribute to global warming the cost
Of the fuel for a nuclear power station is very economical compared to
an equilivalent coal fired power station .the electricity generated from
nuclear reactors is competitive with electricity produced from coal, even
after providing for management and disposal of radio active wastages and
the decommissioning of reactors so, Nuclear energy will be a clean and an
affordable source of energy.
12) Scope for Nuclear Energy in India.
In India at present only 3% of India's energy needs are met from nuclear sources
India plans to produce 20,000 mwe from the nuclear sector by 2020 increasing from the very low level of 3700 mwe at present.
The increased share of nuclear power in the Indian energy mix will diminish the reliance on fossil fuel and reduce carbon emissions from India.
13) Growth and Performance of nuclear Plants in India.
The tarapur plants, unit one and unit two and Rajasthan atomic power plant are
The major power plants in India let us see the trends in the growth rate of
Nuclear power generations capacity.
Various aspects of nuclear power scenario in India ,
Year
Capacity
Annual growth rate.
Generation
MKWH
Productivity
Co efficient (kwh per mw)
1970-71
420
-
2417
5754.76
1971 -72
620
47.6
1189
1918.05
1972- 73
640
3.2
1133
1770.31
1979- 80
640
-
2876
4495.38
1980- 81
860
34.4
3009
3498.83
Source, Ministry of energy government of India .1980.
14) Role of Nuclear power.
Nuclear power has definitely contributed to increase in electricity and
It is likely to increase more the plans to meet the increasing production
of energy was attempted in two ways: firstly the department of atomic
energy gave importance to use of domestic uranium resources in
pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs).secondly on an imported
technology light water reactors was setup at kundankulam in Tamil
nadu for this purpose .to exploit the vast thorium reserves in the country
Bhaba Atomic Research centre developed a 300 Mve advanced heavy
Water reactor for this purpose .therefore nuclear power has good
Technology in India with very significant potential for avoiding the
Burning of large quantity of poor quality coal .the uranium and
thorium resources are more in the country and use of fast breeder reactors
thorium reactors which can tap the full energy potential in nuclear energy
materials through the use of recycle technologies has contributed towards
creation of extra energy for increased economic growth.
15) Safety of Nuclear power.
India today, It has been operating with 200 Nuclear reactors with a
Record of safety in its environment. The Atomic energy regulatory board
In India as per the directions of International Energy Agency works on
Established line of standard so safety is maximized with extra care
Unless there is failure in transferring nuclear power plants and
problems of radioactive causes of nuclear power plants –Nuclear
energy is very safe to use in any economy.
16) The Economics of Nuclear Power.
The unit energy cost of nuclear power compared to power from coal
At locations away from coal pits are economical high capacity factors,
low discount rates and reduced capital costs are factors, which make
nuclear power more attractive and conditions in India for improvement of
nuclear power in good, with its low variables nuclear power improves
its relative economics with year of operation of the power plant.
17) Suggestions:
To be always dependent on foreign countries for crude oil is not secured
Economic activity .we should create our own opportunities to meet the
Domestic demand.
There must be an gradual shift from the use of non renewable sources
of energy.
The Research and Development programme must be conducted for exploiting the potentials of non – conventional sources of energy ,
Exploration is must in areas of estimated energy availability.
The technology used in creation ,generation and transferring of
Energy should be upgraded.
Economic planners should give long term planning in energy supply sources to meet basic demands of economy etc.
18) Concluding Remarks:
India's fuel resources position definitely invites development and
deployment of nuclear power programme .nuclear energy will definitely
Contribute to the long term success of sustainable development
the technology to harness nuclear power are still under the
modernization stage in India, effective government support is definitely
needed in terms of increasing the efficiency though our power sector
makes an considerable growth, our rapid industrialization and improved
agriculture and quick changes in population is more than the energy
generations hence consumption is more than supply and production.
this should not be a continuing increasing trend in future the steps and
measures to control this situation will definitely contribute to the long
term economic development of India which is nothing but
"Sustainable Development".
By
Pradeep Raj .S
MBA Student
Bangalore, India
Email:pradeepraj1@live.com
Bibliography:
i. Raj kumar sen and mrinal kumar dasgupta
- Major sources of energy.
ii. Energy and Economic Development –edited by V.S Mahajan.
iii. Karpagam –Environmental Economics
iv. Indian Economy – 54th edition by Ruddar dutt and KPM .Sundarram.
v. Energy and Economic Development –Jayanth vianayak vaishampayan.-ajantha publishers.
vi. Indian Economy –Misra and Puri latest edition.
vii. The Economics of Nuclear Power – Research papers 2007 –Stephen Thomas and peter Bradford.
viii. Nuclear power in India – an evitable option for sustainable development of a sixth of humanity – by Dr .Anil kakodkar.
ix. India's energy security –Journal by "Institute for the analysis of global security on jan21th, 2004.
About the Author
PRADEEP RAJ.S
MBA STUDENT
BANGALORE,INDIA
email:pradeepraj1@llive.com
Survey Says: US Drivers Warming to EVs
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Solar Energy Panels for Home or Business and a Notch into Energy Independence
Solar Energy panels for the home or business is the first small step to Energy Freedom for everyone! Solar energy panels have become more affordable in latter years making it a possible second power preference for perceptive home landowners looking for savings on their monthly power bills and the environmentally conscious who also enjoy the fiscal return, but aim attention at more on the reward solar energy panels have on worldwide warming and freedom from fossil fuels.
If a person is a novice to the solar generated power world, then a person may be wondering what indeed solar generated power panels are? It is very understandable and yet captivatingly complicated. Solar energy panels are also well-known as photovoltaic panels; photovoltaic meaning electricity from the sun. Solar power panels operate by collecting protons from the sun, which dislodge neutrons, and create a flow of electrons or electricity. An inverter converts the power produced by the solar energy panels from an AC current to a DC current making it usable in homes as a direct power supply.
A individual can use solar power panels to heat their pool, workshop tools, greenhouse lights and fans or depending on a person personal electric usage, their entire home or business. Most solar energy panels are designed to last 30-40 years and require little to no maintenance. Over the life-span of solar energy panels, the energy savings realized by the squire is enough to justify the initial cost of the system and prices are dropping more and more as a larger number of consumers express interest and make the change to solar power panels or other renewable resources.
Solar energy panels for small applications can be purchased at their local hardware stores. These small versions are ideal for outdoor lighting, small water pumps and other outdoor tools. If an individual is procuring a home size or business size method of solar energy panels it would be advantageous to seek out a local merchant of solar energy panels or a green power vendor in their area. There is also heaps of wisdom available online about assorted solar generated power panel providers.
Understanding the value of solar power panels is the first step to becoming fossil fuel independent. As everyones traditional energy resources are falling into exhaustion, now is the desirable time to look in to solar power panels for their home or business.
How to remain alive off the energy grid and feel the rush of independence being off the energy grid dependence can give. Free of cost energy from the wind, the sun and the water. That sure sounds pulchritudinous, doesn't it?
To Smart Home Owners Who Are Sick Of Paying More And More For Electricity And Energy. "How Would You Like To UNPLUG Your House From Your Electrical Company, Knowing That You Are '100% Powered By Nature' With Renewable Energy?" If a person has ever wished to stop wasting money on their electrical bill, help the global economy and save the Earth, then they have arrived at the right article. HomeMadeEnergy will help an individual slash their electricity bill by 80% or even eliminate them completely! HomeMadeEnergy | Click Here
About the Author
James Murray is a successful writer and online Search Engine Optimization (SEO) and Search Engine Marketing (SEM) expert providing valuable tips and advice for those interested in seo and sem strategies. His numerous articles found on the Internet, provide useful and factual seo and sem information and insight. Some of my websites are HomeMadeEnergy , http://www.seo-worldwide.net
Why These 3 Renewable Energy Sources Are Not Going To Bring You Profit - Learn The Facts
There are three major renewable energy sources - wind power, solar power, and magnetic power. Recently, there has been a lot of hype surrounding these with promises that you can make your own electricity using each of these. Even more, some claim that you can make so much electricity that you have a surplus and you can sell it to your power company. All these claims are probably well-founded in facts. The purpose of this article, however, is to present you with the shortcomings of each of these three sources, so that you can make a better decision based on a careful consideration of pros and cons and not only hearsay.
What is wrong with wind power systems?
In theory wind power systems can make you a lot of free electricity whenever the wind is blowing. Stop. Do you see the first shortcoming? Yes, the wind has to be blowing. If it is not blowing for some reason, then you are not making electricity anymore. Therefore, the first shortcoming of wind power is its over-dependence on its source - the wind. Whenever there is no wind, there is no electricity. With this, obviously, you can not go completely off-grid.
The second shortcoming of wind power systems is connected with the price of such an installation. How much do you think it would cost you to purchase a wind turbine and to set up your wind power system? It can certainly cost you well within the tens of thousands of dollars. And how long will it take for this system to repay for itself? Well, let us say that you save $100 per month, which is a reasonable amount - not too much, not too little. This makes a little over $1000 per year. So depending on the price of your system you are set for up to 20-30 years for your system to repay for yourself. Do you have so much time to wait?
Now, how about solar power systems?
Yes, it is quite similar to wind power. In the case of solar power, however, you need not wind but sun exposure for it to make you electricity. If the sun is shining, you are making electricity. If it is not shining, though, you are stuck without electricity. Therefore, you can not really go off-grid with solar power either.
Price is another big factor in solar power systems as well. They are pretty expensive - perhaps even more expensive than wind power systems. The initial investment of tens of thousands of dollars takes a while to repay itself unless you are really lucky and you get a lot of solar exposure. So similarly to wind power, solar power systems take a long time to pay for themselves and are not reliable to give you electricity all the time. Do you want to get stuck with such an expensive and sometimes inefficient system?
Finally, let us look at what is bad about magnetic power systems?
Magnetic power systems are the cheapest of the three. However, the bad thing about them is that you have to build them yourselves, i.e. presumably not everyone can build one. So you need know-how. Where do you get this know-how? And is it going to allow a complete newbie make a well-working magnetic power generator?
But there is one more shortcoming of magnetic power generators, and that is their efficiency. We already mentioned the low price. Well, you get what you pay for, so the return is not that high either - it takes several hours to charge a simple 12V battery. Therefore, magnetic power generators are definitely not sufficient to go off-grid and stay off-grid.
So, these were the shortcomings of the three top renewable energy sources. One could easily see that each of these has its shortcomings. But what if you were to implement all of these, so that they could complement each other. Furthermore, what if you had a step-by-step guide on how to make each one of them? Thus, you could save money and you could make sure that your renewable energy system is most efficient. For a list of renewable energy DIY systems check the link below.
Time, Life and the Colonization of the Land. Time How do we fit God within the concept of time ? Like CS Lewis I believe we can not. There is much controversy between creationism and evolutionists but such a simple dichotomy is probably unnecessary if we consider a few basics. The Earth has undoubtedly been in creation for over 4 billion years. Man's ascent confined to at best a few million years but to dent the validity of Scripture based on these facts is absurd.
There is no dichotomy once we accept that God almost certainly exists outside of time and that the actual evolution of man is in itself hotly debated. In this chapter we will provide the temporal underpinning for the ten part discussion of the God and Nature series. We will look at the temporal frameworks as they stand, then some of the theories of how life originated and where life originated before moving on to the rise of man.
Time is a component of a measuring system used to sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects. Time has been a major subject of religion, philosophy and science but defining time in a noncontroversial manner applicable to all fields of study has consistently eluded the greatest scholars. Among prominent philosophers, there are two distinct viewpoints on time.
One view is that time is part of the fundamental structure of the universe a dimension in which events occur in sequence. Time travel, in this view, becomes a possibility as other "times" persist like frames of a film strip, spread out across the time line.Sir Isaac Newton subscribed to this realist view, and hence it is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time. The opposing view is that time does not refer to any kind of "container" that events and objects "move through", nor to any entity that "flows", but that it is instead part of a fundamental intellectual structure within which humans sequence and compare events.
This second view, in the tradition of Gottfried Leibniz and Immanuel Kant holds that time is neither an event nor a thing, and thus is not itself measurable nor can it be traveled. Temporal measurement has occupied scientists and was a prime motivation in navigation and astronomy. Periodic events and periodic motion have long served as standards for units of time. Examples include the apparent motion of the sun across the sky, the phases of the moon, the swing of a pendulum, and the beat of a heart. Currently, the international unit of time, the second, is defined in terms of radiation emitted by caesium atoms.
Time is also of significant social importance, having economic value - time is money - as well as personal value, due to an awareness of the limited time in each day and in human lifespans. It is necessary to consider the nature of time when considering the nature of God. Life The history of the Earth covers approximately 4.6. billion years (4,567,000,000 years), from Earth's formation out of the solar nebula to the present. This chapter presents a broad overview, summarizing the leading, most current scientific theories. The details of the origin of life are unknown, though the broad principles have been established. Two schools of thought regarding the origin of life have been proposed.
The first suggests that organic components may have arrived on Earth from space - Panspermia, while the other argues for terrestrial origins. The mechanisms by which life would initially arise are nevertheless held to be similar. There are several main theories of how life originated. Let us take these in rough chronological order. Firstly the theory of Panspermia. It was thought that micro-organisms had arrived on Earth from another part of the universe carried by meteorites or comets.
Secondly, since there was no real evidence for panspermia chemical theories of the origin of life arose and are more plausible at our current level of knowledge. Here the theory is that life arose from chemical reactions between organic molecules abiotically (not manufactured by organisms). Herman Muller felt that the first life forms must have been genes that replicated themselves and mutated allowing them to evolve. In 1923 Alexander Oparin hypothesized that over evolutionary time molecules within droplets of mixed oil/water became complex, with enzymes forming to organize other molecules into metabolic cycles. Genes would form later. JBS Haldane broadly agreed with this view. These ideas modified when scientists realised that genetic code in the form of DNA had to come first and an energy source such as sunlight or lightening was also probably needed.
In the 1950s Miller and Urey conducted experiments using flasks with chemicals as found in the early atmosphere, water and an electrical charge. Organic molecules were synthesized. This showed it was possible to synthesize organic molecules from ingredients found in the early history of the Earth. Later it became apparent that life may also have begun in the ocean depths fueled by hydrothermal vents. Hydrothermal vent systems develop at depths of several kilometers in the oceans in mid ocean spreading centres where there is hot upwelling lava. Sea water percolates and is vented back at hot temperatures, full of minerals, as either warm seeps, black or white "smokers".
There are many theories about how life may have originated around these vents and in fact these areas may even have been where photosynthesis first developed as there is a faint haze around these vents. The vent systems are highly dynamic and unstable environments but they do support over 200 species of life found so far. For more detail on vents see Harding and Starzynska "Deep Sea Environments" (2008). If life arose on Earth, the timing of this event is highly speculative—perhaps it arose around 4 billion years ago. In the energetic chemistry of early Earth, a molecule (or even something else) gained the ability to make copies of itself–the replicator. The nature of this molecule is unknown, its function having long since been superseded by life’s current replicator, DNA In making copies of itself, the replicator did not always perform accurately: some copies contained an “error.” If the change destroyed the copying ability of the molecule, there could be no more copies, and the line would “die out.” On the other hand, a few rare changes might make the molecule replicate faster or better: those “strains” would become more numerous and “successful.” As choice raw materials (“food”) became depleted, strains which could exploit different materials, or perhaps halt the progress of other strains and steal their resources, became more numerous.
Several different models have been proposed explaining how a replicator might have developed. Different replicators have been posited, including organic chemicals such as modern proteins, nucleic acids, phospholipids, crystals or even quantum systems. There is currently no method of determining which of these models, if any, closely fits the origin of life on Earth. One of the older theories, and one which has been worked out in some detail, will serve as an example of how this might occur. The high energy from volcanoes, lightning and ultraviolet radiation could help drive chemical reactions producing more complex molecules from simple compounds such as methane and ammonia. Among these were many of the relatively simple organic compounds that are the building blocks of life.
As the amount of this “organic soup” increased, different molecules reacted with one another. Sometimes more complex molecules would result—perhaps clay provided a framework to collect and concentrate organic material. The presence of certain molecules could speed up a chemical reaction. All this continued for a very long time, with reactions occurring more or less at random, until by chance there arose a new molecule: the replicator. This had the bizarre property of promoting the chemical reactions which produced a copy of itself, and evolution began properly. Other theories posit a different replicator.
In any case, DNA took over the function of the replicator at some point; all known life (with the exception of some viruses and prions) use DNA as their replicator, in an almost identical manner. Current evidence suggests that the last universal common ancestor lived during the early Archean eon, perhaps roughly 3.5 billion years ago or earlier. This “LUCA” cell is the ancestor of all cells and hence all life on Earth. It was probably a prokaryote, possessing a cell membrane and probably ribosomes, but lacking a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. Like all modern cells, it used DNA as its genetic code, RNA for information transfer and protein synthesis, and enzymes to catalyze reactions. Some scientists believe that instead of a single organism being the last universal common ancestor, there were populations of organisms exchanging genes in lateral gene transfer. Estimates vary, but by about 3 billion years ago, something similar to modern photosynthesis had probably developed.
This made the sun’s energy available not only to autotrophs but also to the heterotrophs that consumed them. Photosynthesis used the plentiful carbon dioxide and water as raw materials and, with the energy of sunlight, produced energy-rich organic molecules (carbohydrates). Moreover, oxygen was produced as a waste product of photosynthesis. At first it became bound up with limestone, iron, and other minerals. There is substantial proof of this in iron-oxide rich layers in geological strata that correspond with this time period. The oceans would have turned to a green color while oxygen was reacting with minerals. When the reactions stopped, oxygen could finally enter the atmosphere. Though each cell only produced a minute amount of oxygen, the combined metabolism of many cells over a vast period of time transformed Earth’s atmosphere to its current state.
Among the oldest examples of oxygen-producing lifeforms are fossil Stromatolites. This, then, is Earth’s third atmosphere. Some of the oxygen was stimulated by incoming ultraviolet radiation to form ozone which collected in a layer near the upper part of the atmosphere. The ozone layer absorbed, and still absorbs, a significant amount of the ultraviolet radiation that once had passed through the atmosphere. It allowed cells to colonize the surface of the ocean and ultimately the land: without the ozone layer, ultraviolet radiation bombarding the surface would have caused unsustainable levels of mutation in exposed cells. Besides making large amounts of energy available to life-forms and blocking ultraviolet radiation, the effects of photosynthesis had a third, major, and world-changing impact. Oxygen was toxic; probably much life on Earth died out as its levels rose - the Oxygen Catastrophe. Resistant forms survived and thrived, and some developed the ability to use oxygen to enhance their metabolism and derive more energy from the same food.
Multicellularity Around 1.1 billion years ago, the supercontinent Rodinia was assembling. The plant, animal and fungi lines had all split, though they still existed as solitary cells. Some of these lived in colonies, and gradually some division of labour began to take place; for instance, cells on the periphery might have started to assume different roles from those in the interior. Although the division between a colony with specialized cells and a multicellular organism is not always clear, around 1 billion years ago, the first multicellular plants emerged, probably green algae.
Possibly by around 900 million years ago, true multicellularity had also evolved in animals. At first it probably somewhat resembled that of today’s sponges, where all cells were totipotent and a disrupted organism could reassemble itself. As the division of labor became more complete in all lines of multicellular organisms, cells became more specialized and more dependent on each other; isolated cells would die. Many scientists believe that a very severe ice age began around 770 million years ago, so severe that the surface of all the oceans completely froze - Snowball Earth. Eventually, after 20 million years, enough carbon dioxide escaped through volcanic outgassing that the resulting greenhouse effect raised global temperatures.
By around the same time, 750 million years ago, Rodinia began to break up. Colonization of the Land For most of Earth’s history, there were no multicellular organisms on land. Oxygen accumulation from photosynthesis resulted in the formation of an ozone layer that absorbed much of Sun’s ultraviolet radiation, meaning unicellular organisms that reached land were less likely to die, and prokaryotes began to multiply and become better adapted to survival out of the water. Prokaryotes had likely colonized the land as early as 2.6 billion years ago even before the origin of the eukaryotes. For a long time, the land remained barren of multicellular organisms.
The supercontinent Pannotia formed around 600 million years ago and then broke apart a short 50 million years later. Fish, the earliest vertebrates evolved in the oceans around 530 million years ago. A major extinction event occurred near the end of the Cambrian period, which ended 488 million years ago. In fact its worth mentioning radiations and extinctions in slightly more detail. Radiations are relatively rapid increases in the diversity of organisms. Extinctions are the decreases in the diversity of organisms.
The Cambrian explosion was the first major radiation that we can see from the limited fossil record. There have been five major mass extinctions that we can trace from the fossil record. These are in order the Late Ordovician, Late Devonian, Late Permian, Late Triassic and Late Cretaceous. All mass extinctions are associated with global climate changes and meteorite impacts may also have played their part. It should be stressed that the fossil records are far from complete and much research remains in this area. The Cambrian era contains the so called Cambrian explosion where life began to diversify at an extraordinary rate. In a relatively short period of geological time, over about 5 to 10 million years all the body plans of animals we know today evolved. We know this as we have evidence from the Burgess Shale fossil finds. This deposit was first discovered by Walcott and finds include animals such as Anomalocaris, Marella spledens and a range of trilobites.
The Cambrian was also the era in which the first shelled animals appear in the sea so is very significant. Several hundred million years ago, plants (probably resembling algae) and fungi started growing at the edges of the water, and then out of it. The oldest fossils of land fungi and plants date to 480–460 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests the fungi may have colonized the land as early as 1000 million years ago and the plants 700 million years ago. Initially remaining close to the water’s edge, mutations and variations resulted in further colonization of this new environment.
The timing of the first animals to leave the oceans is not precisely known: the oldest clear evidence is of arthropods on land around 450 million years ago, perhaps thriving and becoming better adapted due to the vast food source provided by the terrestrial plants. There is also some unconfirmed evidence that arthropods may have appeared on land as early as 530 million years ago. At the end of the Ordovician period, 440 million years ago, additional extinction events occurred, perhaps due to a concurrent ice age. Around 380 to 375 million years ago, the first tetrapods evolved from fish. It is thought that perhaps fins evolved to become limbs which allowed the first tetrapods to lift their heads out of the water to breathe air. This would let them survive in oxygen-poor water or pursue small prey in shallow water. They may have later ventured on land for brief periods. Eventually, some of them became so well adapted to terrestrial life that they spent their adult lives on land, although they hatched in the water and returned to lay their eggs. This was the origin of the amphibians.
About 365 million years ago, another period of extinction occurred, perhaps as a result of global cooling. Plants evolved seeds, which dramatically accelerated their spread on land, around this time (by approximately 360 million years ago). Some 20 million years later (340 million years ago), the amniotic egg evolved, which could be laid on land, giving a survival advantage to tetrapod embryos. This resulted in the divergence of amniotes from amphibians. Another 30 million years (310 million years ago) saw the divergence of the synapsids (including mammals) from the sauropsids (including birds and non-avian, non-mammalian reptiles). Other groups of organisms continued to evolve and lines diverged—in fish, insects, bacteria, and so on—but less is known of the details. 300 million years ago, the most recent hypothesized supercontinent formed, called Pangea.
The most severe extinction event to date took place 250 million years ago, at the boundary of the Permian and Triassic periods; 95% of life on Earth died out, possibly due to the Siberian Traps volcanic event. The discovery of the Wikes Land Crater in Antarctica may suggest a connection with the Permian-Triassic extinction, but the age of that crater is not known. But life persevered, and around 230 million years ago, dinosaurs split off from their reptilian ancestors. An extinction event between the Triassic and Jurassic periods 200 million years ago spared many of the dinosaurs, and they soon became dominant among the vertebrates. Though some of the mammalian lines began to separate during this period, existing mammals were probably all small animals resembling shrews. By 180 million years ago, Pangea broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana. The boundary between avian and non-avian dinosaurs is not clear, but Archaeopteryx, traditionally considered one of the first birds, lived around 150 million years ago. The earliest evidence for the angiosperms evolving flowers is during the Cretaceous period, some 20 million years later (132 million years ago). We will be looking at the botanical world later in this series.
Competition with birds drove many pterosaurs to extinction, and the dinosaurs were probably already in decline for various reasons when, 65 million years ago, a 10-kilometer meteorite likely struck Earth just off the Yucatan Peninsula, ejecting vast quantities of particulate matter and vapor into the air that occluded sunlight, inhibiting photosynthesis. Most large animals, including the non-avian dinosaurs, became extinct marking the end of the Cretaceous period and Mesozoic era. Thereafter, in the Paleocene epoch, mammals rapidly diversified, grew larger, and became the dominant vertebrates.
Perhaps a couple of million years later (around 63 million years ago), the last common ancestor of primates lived. By the late Eocene epoch, 34 million years ago, some terrestrial mammals had returned to the oceans to become animals such as Basilosaurus which later gave rise to dolphins and whales. We shall be taking a look at the Ocean environment later in the series but let us turn now to a discussion of the rise of man.
Dr Simon Harding and Lidia Starzynska
www.biblon.com
About the Author
People Power: Open Sourcing Home Energy Technology
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Steps to Get Green Energy Grants From the Government
People are discouraged from developing new sources of energy because of the costs of the new technology is so high. To convert energy from the fossil fuel to renewable energy is so expensive. But still, the benefit of changing the lifestyle into using the green sustainable energy can be seen in the future, therefore the government is actively encouraging people by providing help which can be used in buying and installing the green energy equipments. If changing the future of the next generation is one of your biggest interests, then you should apply for the green energy grants. The application can be obtained online. You can choose from many types of grants provided by the federal government.
Steps to get the green energy grants are:
1. You must register at the website that provided grants for you. Enter you username and password to login. When you are already submitted to the website, you can check your application for the grant's process.
2. Do some researches on the United States grants website of federal government. Simply by entering the type of the green energy that you are going to apply in the field of search. You also can do this by browse the section of ‘energy' to find the type of your green energy grants. The advanced search is the other way to find the grants. But with this search, you should specify your status like ‘public housing authorities', ‘individual', ‘small businesses', ‘for profit organizations other than small businesses', or non profits'.
3. They might not have opened the application for grants at some time; therefore you should sign up for subscription of email to get updates for grants. The information will change quickly, so you need to get the newest information on the grants as fast as possible. The grants are also available on RSS feed, so make sure you get the grant tomorrow if you can't get it today.
4. The application for the grants can be downloaded; it depends on your need. There is an application specific to each grant. You should be careful on downloading the right form and carefully read the instructions. There are also different instructions for each grant.
5. You can fill the application offline, but if you don't want to do it offline, you can go online. But you must remember that the website does not save your online filled progress. Careful to make mistakes while filling the application for grants green energy online.
6. Submit the finished and corrected application to the grants site. Check for the confirmation email, you will also get another email in 24 hours to validate your application.
7. You should just have to wait and don't forget to track the online progress.
SRI International's Wave-Powered Generators for Clean Energy
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3 Reasons Why a Solar Electricity System Is A Sustainable Energy Source
Since the recognition that fossil fuels were not limitless an increased demand for new research has led to the development of safer and cleaner energy sources, such as solar power.
Here are three:
1. Solar electricity systems use indirect and direct methods of harnessing the energy of the sun.
Solar cells are made of thin slices of crystalline gallium arsenide, silicon or other semiconductor materials that convert the solar radiation into electricity. This technology is used in providing electrical energy to satellites that orbit the earth and observing satellites in the depths of space.
2. Solar electricity provides a long term and sustainable, cost effective energy resource
Solar electricity systems do not comprise of mechanical parts, unlike the electricity generating power plants. Power plants require continually repairs and maintenance to ensure their operation and efficiency which in itself is expensive. Whereas, with solar electricity systems once they are installed they require very little almost no maintenance.
3. The Concentration of solar radiation for Solar Electricity
Solar radiation can be focused for the purpose of providing energy to heat or boil liquids to power turbines and eventually produce electricity. Linear parabolic reflectors are one such technology used to concentrate solar energy into a receiver installed on the focal line of the receiver. Tubing that is connected to a turbine, is installed along the focal line of the receiver. The tubing is filled with a liquid so as to absorb the heat generated by the solar energy. Solar electricity systems such as this have higher efficiency rate because the heat from the sun is directed and concentrated for use.
We have experienced the benefits of fossil fuels and now realized its negative consequences on the environment. To ensure the survival on the planet we must move towards a more sustainable and eoc-friendly energy such as Solar Energy.
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Hi my name is Robert Howard and I am an avid researcher of homemade electricity systems, in particular solar electricity systems for homes to help people save money and energy. I love to share my research findings and discoveries with others through my blog http://homemadesolarelectricitysystems.com
Sustainable Energy Resources in India
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It isn't just about saving you hundreds each month; "Green Energy Solar" System easily enables you to even get paid by the Power-Company for the extra-energy that you produce. Very quickly you'll find out that this technique can successfully operate almost any home-appliance. Need more information? start reading this article and hear more about how it works.
Short overview
Having such "Green Energy Solar" System can be made possible by using one of these guides that teach you how to assemble professional Solar-Cells at ridicules cost and by using simple materials. It is highly important to work with a professional guide; check for real customers case studies, make sure it provides descriptive illustrations, photos, and tech support. In any case, here are some key-advantages and tips to help you better understand this topic.
Quick advantages
Let's quickly go over the main benefits provided by this unique solution:
* No more power-interruptions. * Made of simple parts/tools found at any local hardware store. * Excellent backup to your conventional elec. sys. in case of power failure. * Should you create more energy than needed; the power-company will actually pay you! * Extremely easy to be implemented by almost anyone.
Quick advice
Be aware that nowadays it is possible to get the paneling for free - most professional guides will show how to do that.
Summary
"Green Energy Solar" System can easily fit to any budget size for about any of us thanks to the fact that it uses simple and extremely affordable parts. It would be quite easy to find other advantages provided by this remarkable idea, simply because it is revolutionary. It is highly recommended to simply get it in order to explore and see how it'll affect your monthly/annual budget.
About the Author
Learn how "Green Energy Solar" System easily enables you to produce free and unlimited electricity in just few days.
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A Warming Trend: Alternative Energy Sources and Global Warming
Global warming is one of the "hottest" issues nowadays. The current drastic climate change is the worst to happen to the Earth in recent history. Global warming is an overall increase in world temperature, which is attributed to the increasing number of greenhouse gases trapped in our planet's atmosphere. Searching out an alternative energy source, or sources, is considered highly necessary in reducing these deadly emissions.
Greenhouse gases can be produced both through natural and also industrial processes. Essentially, the most abundant greenhouse gases in earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone, in addition to CFCs (chlorofluorocarbon).
There are several sources of greenhouse gases. Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation cause higher concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Without the timber and plants to take in the carbon dioxide emitted through burning fossil fuels, natural petrol and petroleum products, all in the CO2 emitted stays in the atmosphere. Deforestaion in particular is a major concerm as this not only increases the amount of CO2 that stays in the atmpsphere, it causes many other world issues as well.
As well, CFCs are a major component within refrigeration systems, fire suppression techniques, and other manufacturing processes. This all leads to an increase in the greenhouse content of our atmosphere. The use of non-organic fertilizers in agriculture also cause higher nitrous oxide concentrations, yet another greenhouse gas.
In the united states, greenhouse gas emissions mainly come by using fossil fuels as the main energy source. Approximately 82 percent of greenhouse gases in the united states in 2006 came from the combustion of coal, gas, and petroleum. Meanwhile Indonesia and China, the 2 most populated nations, are expected to increase its emission of greenhouse gas. This because of the construction of old-fashioned power plants within its internal provinces. China and India, while advanced in many regards, are still behind in the automotive sector. They are just beginning to catch up to the US in terms of auto usage and purchases. In fact, last year China saw the biggest increase in automotive purchases in the world. And with China's population, the amount of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2, are going to sky rocket within the next decade.
At present, the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere will be the highest in 150 years. The 1990s was the warmest decade in recorded history, while 1998was documented as the warmest year.
Not controlling the greenhouse gas being emitted by human activity can increase climate change in the next hundred years that may be much faster than anything known and recorded in Earth's history. There are necessary steps that need to be undertaken to control the deadly emission that may soon be killing us, and everything on the planet.
Green energy is another term used to describe sources of energy which might be regarded as environmentally friendly, or from a renewable resource.To minimize the consumption of essential oil, petroleum and various fossil fuel, we should not only use energy efficiently, but also find or switch to more green sources. Energy that we use needs to be generated from a renewable energy supply, which would mean harnessing the natural energy in the sun, wind, and water.
There are to be numerous ways of generating electricity and energy from renewable and natural sources that generate clean and also safe power. Wind, solar, and heat can yield electricity for less overall cost in addition to less carbon dioxide emission than the ones from coal, nuclear, and even natural gas. Greenpeace cited that with renewable power and using it smartly, green energy can deliver half of that world's energy needs by 2050. Greenpeace also cited that it is feasible to reduce carbon dioxide emission to almost 50 percent of present day values within the up coming 43 years.
Governments should and are taking steps to work with and tap alternative energy sources as the main source of power. The European union leaders produced an agreement in 2007 to ensure that 30 percent of their nation's power should be taken from renewable fuels by the year 2020. This can be part of their effort to cut carbon dioxide emissions and various greenhouse petrol. There are now even governments offering incentives to their residents who are employing green power.
To someone who doesn't know the real Ronald Flynn might believe all the bad things some people wrote about him on the internet. But really, who is Ronald Flynn and what is intriguing about this man?
He is an American environmentalist, philanthropist, and the Founder, CEO of True Green Energy Group. He is also the founder of Spectrum Blue Steel Corporation. He might not be as famous as David Suzuki for his environmental efforts but he is a man with sincere love for the environment and a true advocate of green energy. Together with his TGEG and SBSC family, they endeavor to make true changes in energy industry. With their unwavering vision of achieving a zero waste society, they continuously seek ways on how to help in saving our environment by innovating green energy production and waste management.
The fact that the world has been dependent on fossil fuels for energy in the past years has created various environmental problems worldwide particularly the increased of carbon dioxide emissions. Flynn and his team used a strategy wherein they could "de-carbonize" the electric power generation industry by shifting to non-fossil fuel-based energy sources, specifically waste-to-energy to help in solving these environmental concerns. This follows the American Energy Policy Act of 2005 which confirmed energy-from-waste is renewable, and the Philippine Renewable Energy Law (RA 9513) of the Philippines.
Right now, Ronald Flynn along with SBSC and TGEG continues to promote the use of green technologies such as biosphere technology. He is confident that with biosphere technology, the problems with energy and environment will be eventually solved. Biosphere technology is a form gasification process invented and developed by Dr. Chris McCormack. This technology uses wastes instead of natural reserves to produce electricity or green energy. It harnesses the combustibility of solid wastes (MSW) to create a heat source that produces super heated steam via boiler. Then this super heated steam will then be used to drive a combination stream turbine/alternator that will generate electricity. Unlike other standard gasifications it does not pollute the environment since its process is done under elevated temperature and oxygen starved environment. The biosphere technology has passed all U.S. and European atmospheric emission standards including the latest EPA regulations.
In his environmental leadership, SBSC and TGEG has now various contracts with cities and municipalities in the Philippines and Brazil. These are joint ventures regarding the deployment of biosphere facilities that would solve energy and waste management problems. Some of the cities that signed contracts with SBSC include San Fernando Pampanga, Tanjay, Bayawan, Dumaguete, Cebu, Naga, and Sta. Rosa Nueva Ecija. And by next month SBSC, TGEG and Voga Brazil were expecting more than 13 international contracts with government officials of Brazil.
About the Author
SBSC has an exclusive license to market, sell, or lease, install, and operate the Biosphere Process in the Philippines. The Biosphere Process or Biosphere Technology is a form of gasification wherein it destroys traditional and non-traditional waste materials to generate electricity.
New Wind Turbine Design Can Triple Energy Production
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[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] how can i convert hot water into energy?
live in a tropical. thinking about installing a method to convert solar energy into electricity indirectly, via solar water heater ==> energy. any idea?? ps: the hot water here is only up to 90degree centigrade but almost constant. 90 degree is not enough for turbine generator right? i tried not to add any heat on it.
You could use a system which has been used for almost a century
Use the steam from the water to turn a turbine, which rotates a generator producing DC electricity.
[simpleaffiliate source="chitika" results="0"][/simpleaffiliate] Where can I get a loan of $ 50 million for my windmill farm?
I am contemplating establishing a windmill farm. The investment needed is about $ 50 million. could anyone pls advise where can I get a loan for my project? Does government fund renewable ( green energy) projects. Which websites can i visit to learn about obtaining finance for such a venture. ? which is the best website to use for asking such question... meaning websites where Business people from many walks come together to ask/ reply to biz questions.. i would truly truly appreciate prudent advice/ answers ... thanks in advance! :)
GE Capital and Siemens Capital have wind farm financing. If you own the land and are close to transmission lines you may be able to get financing through them.
Google wind farm financing as there are several venture capital firms that do this such as:
http://www.windfarmfinancing.net/
Good luck!
$95 Million Green Energy Financing- MoneyTV with Donald Baillargeon
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Look for this Energystar Logo for more efficient Appliances (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
